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Physical-geographical analysis of the distribution of lynx in the Bohemian Forest
Sladová, Michaela ; Romportl, Dušan (advisor) ; Chuman, Tomáš (referee)
Natural landscape has been changed and forest habitats have been fragmented as a result of human activity. Consequently a decay of forest species has been registered and Eurasian lynx belongs to these threatened species. This wild beast had been exterminated in past in Czech Republic. The Czech and German parts of Šumava Mountains belong to the most forested areas in Europe and therefore they represent convenient areas for a steady occurrence of the mammals which need large areas for their existence. That is why the population of this wild beast was re-established through the use of 24 re-introducted specimen in Šumava Mountains during the 1980s. At present Šumava Mountains represent one of the main central areas of steady occurrence of eurasian lynx in Czech Republic. On the basis of radiotelemetric data coming from 10 individuals of Eurasian lynx (6 males and 4 females) the spatial requirements of this wild beast have been analysed by means of the three following methods: Minimum Convex Polygon, Kernel Home Range and Local Convex Hull. Also the impacts of human activities and relief character have been discussed together with the preference of the provincial cover. It has been found out that the spread of this wild beast is limited by the estate, the traffic infrastructure and fragmentation of...
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Relationships between functional traits, home range sizes, and dispersal abilities in birds
Holubová, Kateřina ; Storch, David (advisor) ; Sedláček, Ondřej (referee)
Avian movements through the landscape involving dispersal and routine movements within home-range or territory are one of the basic but due to a high mobility of birds also one of the least understood processes of bird ecology, especially on the interspecific level. Not only is dispersal a fundamental mechanism of species' spreading into new areas, but also, together with home-range size, it shows the scale on which species perceive the landscape and how they can deal with habitat changes. Dispersal ability, represented by dispersal distances, is determined by a few species specific traits like body size, migratory status, wing and bill morphology, diet type, preferred habitat type or some life-history traits. On the contrary, home-range size variability is determined primarily by energetic demands of the species, given by its body size and trophic level, and by the productivity of the environment. There is a positive relationship between home-range size or territory size, respectively, and dispersal distances of birds that can be attributed to species vagility or their spatial requirements determined especially by their food preference. Nevertheless, further research mainly on interspecific level is necessary for a deeper insight into this issue.
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Spatial and flight activity of the maternity colony of the Mediterranean horsheshoe bat Rhinolophus euryale in Slovak Karst
Jehličková, Veronika ; Benda, Petr (advisor) ; Kaňuch, Peter (referee)
In the pre-lacation, lactation and post-lactation periods in 2010 and 2011 and the pre-lactation period in 2012 we used radio-telemetry to determine changes in home range and habitat activity and preference of the maternity colony of the Mediterranean horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus euryale) in Slovak Karst. The colony roosted in the attic of the monastery in Jasov. This area represents the northern margin of the species distribution range. In total, we tagged 35 females that were radio-tracked for 31 nights. For the all pre- lactation periods 17 females were marked, in the lactation periods 12 females were marked, and 6 females were marked in the post-lactation periods. The females were marked with radiotags and the VHF telemetry (radio telemetry using very high frequencies) was used. We compared the spatial and habitat preferences in the above defined seasons of the annual reproductive cycle. The total number of recorded locations was 858 for all reported periods. We compared the varios aspects of activity of the females during the night in the particular periods. We have shown that the females left their roost in the pre-lactation periods as the most late. These were followed by the females in the lactation periods and as the most early after the sunsetthe roost was left by the females in the...
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Territoriality in lizards
Chmelař, Jan ; Rehák, Ivan (advisor) ; Veselý, Milan (referee)
Territoriality in lizads Jan Chmelař Abstract : Territoriality is a widely discussed phenomenon occuring among all groups of vertebrates on intraspecific level. Nevertheless, lizards occupy a prominent position due to a nearly endless variability in forms of territorial behaviour on the levels of higher taxons, species, populations and individuals. Examples could be systems of social dominance hierarchy, female territoriality or interspecific territoriality. Importance of territoriality is obvious as a way of reproduction control and exclusive usage of space and resources and has a positive impact on individuals that are able to defend their territories. On the other hand, there is a higher exposure to predators and a cost in a form of depleted energy. One other thing is that it sometimes complicates efforts of conservational biologists by lowering genetic variability inside populations of endangered species. Key words: territoriality, social dominance, lizards, home range
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Size and stability of territories in tropical birds
Charvátová, Barbora ; Hořák, David (advisor) ; Lučan, Radek (referee)
The size and the stability of avian territories are at first sight quite different in the tropics if compared to the temperate zone. Territories of tropical birds are relatively more stable in time and space. Their owners defend territories year-round, between years and the boundaries of territories remain unchanged. Tropical territories are also many times larger in size. These specific properties are conditioned by many interconnected factors. The size of the owner and food availability have a significant influence. The size of the territory increases with the size of the owner. And the owner reduces territory size with a higher food supply. It is food availability, which is closely related to the quality of the environment. Generally, the density of individuals is lower in lower quality areas. Thus, owners adapt their territories - increase size. This is especially interesting in the tropics, considering that there is much higher species richness and lower population density than in the temperate area. Differences in territory can also occur due to different altitudes - there are larger territories in tropical montane cloud forest. Also, the location in the area and potential barriers have influence, but rather in position than in a size. Studying these factors explains the differences in...
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Scaling of spatial activity in bats
Křemenová, Jana ; Lučan, Radek (advisor) ; Storch, David (referee)
2 ABSTRACT The degree of spatial activity, especially the home-range size, is one of the basic biolog- ical characteristics of animals and whether it has enough resources is crucial for the survival and reproduction of the individual. Therefore, it is not surprising that many studies trying to make clear the effect of various ecological and morphological variables and explain the varia- bility of space activities. Bats are a group of mammals, for which until recently, existed only few information about their spatial activity. However, due to the miniaturization of technology and the use of radiotelemetry amount of information rapidly increasing. The aim of this study was to assemble the most complete information about the home- range size and foraging distance of bats and analyze the effect of variables that can influence the spatial activity. From published papers I collected data on 106 species representing 8 fami- lies. The influence of 6 variables (weight, wing loading, aspect ratio, food specialization, colony size, primary productivity of environment) on home-range size and average foraging distance of bat was analysed by phylogenetic regression (PGLS). The best predictor of the home-range size is the primary productivity of the environment, food specialization and body size. The best explanation of...
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Spatial and flight activity of the maternity colony of the Mediterranean horsheshoe bat Rhinolophus euryale in Slovak Karst
Jehličková, Veronika ; Benda, Petr (advisor) ; Kaňuch, Peter (referee)
In the pre-lacation, lactation and post-lactation periods in 2010 and 2011 and the pre-lactation period in 2012 we used radio-telemetry to determine changes in home range and habitat activity and preference of the maternity colony of the Mediterranean horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus euryale) in Slovak Karst. The colony roosted in the attic of the monastery in Jasov. This area represents the northern margin of the species distribution range. In total, we tagged 35 females that were radio-tracked for 31 nights. For the all pre- lactation periods 17 females were marked, in the lactation periods 12 females were marked, and 6 females were marked in the post-lactation periods. The females were marked with radiotags and the VHF telemetry (radio telemetry using very high frequencies) was used. We compared the spatial and habitat preferences in the above defined seasons of the annual reproductive cycle. The total number of recorded locations was 858 for all reported periods. We compared the varios aspects of activity of the females during the night in the particular periods. We have shown that the females left their roost in the pre-lactation periods as the most late. These were followed by the females in the lactation periods and as the most early after the sunsetthe roost was left by the females in the...
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